DEVELOPMENT AND ACTUALIZATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

This article presents a systematic literature review on the development, challenges, and opportunities of renewable energy in the global context up to 2025. The review focuses on five major themes: capacity expansion, storage and flexibility technologies, policy and market frameworks, system innovation, and socio-ecological aspects. Literature sources were collected from peer-reviewed journals (2015–2025) and official reports from international organizations such as IRENA, REN21, Ember, and IEA. The findings show a record-breaking increase in renewable capacity—582 GW in 2024 alone, with solar and wind dominating the growth—raising the global share of low-carbon electricity to 40.9%. However, this expansion remains insufficient to achieve the COP28 target of tripling renewable capacity to 11 TW by 2030. Key barriers include limited large-scale storage deployment, regulatory uncertainties, recycling issues in wind turbine blades, and inadequate political commitments. On the other hand, emerging opportunities such as decentralized energy communities, circular economy integration, and artificial intelligence-driven energy systems demonstrate promising directions for sustainable development. The study concludes that achieving global climate goals requires accelerating renewable capacity deployment, advancing storage solutions, fostering inclusive energy policies, and integrating technological innovation with socio-ecological considerations.